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1. Maitreya: “O Mahārishi, you have
affectionately explained about the incarnations of
Grahas. Now kindly detail their characters and
dispositions.
2-3. Paraśar: “O Brahmin, listen to the account
of placement of the heavenly bodies. Out of the many
luminous bodies sighted in the skies some are stars,
yet some are Grahas. Those, that have no movements,
are the Nakshatras (asterisms).
4-6. Those are called ‘Grahas’, that move through
the Nakshatras (or stellar mansions) in the zodiac.
The said zodiac comprises of 27 Nakshatras
commencing from Ashvini. The same area is divided in
12 parts equal to 12 ‘Rashis’ commencing from Mesh.
The names of the Grahas commence from Sūrya. The
Rashi rising is known, as ‘Lagn’. Based on Lagn and
the Grahas, joining and departing from each other,
the native’s good and bad effects are deducted.
Addition from Santhanam till Sloka 7. The names
of the 27 Nakshatras are Ashvini, Bharani, Krittika,
Rohini, Mrigasira, Ardra, Punarvasu, Pushya, Aslesha,
Magha, Purvaphalguni, Uttaraphalguni, Hasta, Chitra,
Swati, Vishaka, Anuradha, Jyeshtha, Mula, Purvashadh,
Uttarashadh, Shravana, Dhanishtha, Satabhisha,
Purvabhadra, Uttarabhadra, Revati.
Lagn is a very important point in the horoscope.
It is the Rashi, that rises in the East, on the
latitude of birth. The apparent rising of a Rashi is
due to the rotation of the earth on its own axis at
a rate of motion, causing every degree of the zodiac
seemingly ascend on the eastern horizon.
Approximately, two hours are required for a Rashi
to pass via the horizon, thereby every degree taking
four minutes to ascend. This duration, however, is
actually dependent on the concerned latitude.
Actually Sūrya has no motion. His motion is an
apparent one, as viewed from the rotating earth.
Other Grahas, including the nodes, have varied rates
of motion. The average daily motions of the Grahas,
which are not, however standard, are, as follows:
Sūrya 1, Candr 13-15, Mangal 30-45’, Budh 65-100’,
Śukr 62-82’, Guru 5-15’, Śani 2’, Rahu/Ketu 3’.
With such different motions, a Grah forms various
Drishtis with others. These Drishtis through
longitudinal distances have a great deal of utility
in Jyotish. This is what Maharishi Parashar suggests
to be considered.
7. Details (of astronomical nature) of stars have
to be understood by general rules, while I narrate
to you about the effects of Grahas and Rashis.
8-9. The positions of the Grahas for a given time
be taken, as per Drikganit. And with the help of
Rashi durations, applicable to the respective
places, Lagn at birth should be known. Now, I tell
you about the castes, descriptions and dispositions
of the Grahas.
10. Names of Grahas. The names of the nine Grahas,
respectively, are Sūrya, Candr, Mangal, Budh, Guru,
Śukr, Śani, Rahu and Ketu.
11. Benefics and Malefics. Among these, Sūrya,
Śani, Mangal, decreasing Candr, Rahu and Ketu (the
ascending and the descending nodes of Candr) are
malefics, while the rest are benefics. Budh,
however, is a malefic, if he joins a malefic.
Addition from Santhanam till Sloka 12-13. When
Candr is ahead of Sūrya, but within 120, she has
medium strength. Between 120 to 240 she is very
auspicious,( see ‘Atishubhapred’). From 240 to 0 she
is bereft of strength. This is Yavanas’ view, vide
P. 70 of my English Translation of Saravali. This
view is, however, related to Candr’s strength, or
otherwise, while waning Candr (Krishna Paksh, dark
half) is a malefic and waxing Candr (Shukla Paksh,
bright half) is a benefic. Should Candr be Yuti with
a benefic, or receiving a Drishti from a benefic,
she turns a benefic, even if in a waning state. As
regards Budh, we have clear instructions from
Maharishi Parashar, that he becomes a malefic, if he
joins a malefic. If waning Candr and Budh are
together, both are benefics.
12-13. Grah governances. Sūrya is the soul of
all. Candr is the mind. Mangal is one’s strength.
Budh is speech-giver, while Guru confers Knowledge
and happiness. Śukr governs semen (potency), while
Śani denotes grief.
14-15. Grah cabinet. Of royal status are Sūrya
and Candr, while Mangal is the Army chief.
Prince-apparent is Budh. The ministerial Grahas are
Guru and Śukr. Śani is a servant. Rahu and Ketu form
the Grah Army.
16-17. Complexions of Grahas. Sūrya is blood-red.
Candr is tawny. Mangal, who is not very tall is
blood-red, while Budh’s hue is akin to that of green
grass. Tawny, variegated and dark are Guru, Śukr and
Śani in their order.
18. Deities of Grahas.
Fire (Agni) (?), Water (Varuna), Subrahmanya
(Lord Shiva’s son, following Ganesh), Maha Vishnu,
Indra, Shachi Devi (the consort of Lord Indra) and
Brahma (?) are the
presiding deities of the 7 Grahas in their order.
19. Gender of the Grahas. Budh and Śani are
neuters. Candr and Śukr are females, while Sūrya,
Mangal and Guru are males.
20. Primordial compounds. The Panchabhutas,
space, air, fire, water and earth, are,
respectively, governed by Guru, Śani, Mangal, Śukr
and Budh.
21. Castes of Grahas. Guru and Śukr are Brahmins.
Sūrya is a royal Grah, while Candr and Budh belong
to commercial community. Śani rules the Sudras (4th
caste).
22. Sattvic Grahas are the luminaries and Guru,
Śukr and Budh are Rajasik, while Mangal and Śani are
Tamasic.
23. Description of Sūrya. Sūrya’s eyes are honey-coloured.
He has a square body. He is of clean habits,
bilious, intelligent and has limited hair (on his
head).
24. Description of Candr. Candr is very windy and
phlegmatic. She is learned and has a round body. She
has auspicious looks and sweet speech, is
fickle-minded and very lustful.
25. Description of Mangal. Mangal has blood-red
eyes, is fickle-minded, liberal, bilious, given to
anger and has thin waist and thin physique.
26. Description of Budh. Budh is endowed with an
attractive physique and the capacity to use words
with many meanings. He is fond of jokes. He has a
mix of all the three humours.
27. Description of Guru. Guru has a big body,
tawny hair and tawny eyes, is phlegmatic,
intelligent and learned in Shastras.
28. Description of Śukr. Śukr is charming, has a
splendourous physique, is excellent, or great in
disposition, has charming eyes, is a poet, is
phlegmatic and windy and has curly hair.
29. Description of Śani. Śani has an emaciated
and long physique, has tawny eyes, is windy in
temperament, has big teeth, is indolent and lame and
has coarse hair.
30. Description of Rahu and Ketu. Rahu has smoky
appearance with a blue mix physique. He resides in
forests and is horrible. He is windy in temperament
and is intelligent. Ketu is akin to Rahu.
31. Primary ingredients (or Sapth Dhatus). Bones,
blood, marrow, skin, fat, semen and muscles are,
respectively, denoted by the Grahas: Sūrya, Candr,
Mangal, Budh, Guru, Śukr and Śani.
32. Abodes of the Grahas. Temple, watery place,
place of fire, sport-ground, treasure-house,
bed-room and filthy ground: these are, respectively,
the abodes for the seven Grahas from Sūrya onward.
33. Grah periods. Ayan, Muhurta, a day
(consisting day and night), Ritu, month, fortnight
and year: these are the periods allotted to the
Grahas from Sūrya to Śani.
34. Tastes of the Grahas. Pungent, saline,
bitter, mixed, sweet, acidulous and astringent are,
respectively, tastes lorded by Sūrya, Candr, Mangal,
Budh, Guru, Śukr and Śani.
35-38. Strengths of Grahas. Strong in the East
are Budh and Guru. Sūrya and Mangal are so in the
South, while Śani is the only Grah, that derives
strength in the West. Candr and Śukr are endowed
with vigour, when in the North. Again, strong during
night are Candr, Mangal and Śani, while Budh is
strong during day and night. The rest (i.e. Guru,
Sūrya and Śukr) are strong only in daytime. During
the dark half malefics are strong. Benefics acquire
strength in the bright half of the month. Malefics
and benefics are, respectively, strong in
Dakshinayan and Uttarayan. The Lords of the year,
month, day and Hora (hour of Grah) are stronger than
the other in ascending order. Again, stronger than
the other in the ascending are Śani, Mangal, Budh,
Guru, Śukr, Candr and Sūrya.
39-40. Related to trees. Sūrya rules strong trees
(i.e. trees with stout trunks), Śani useless trees,
Candr milky trees (and rubber yielding plants),
Mangal bitter ones (like lemon plants), Śukr floral
plants, Guru fruitful ones and Budh fruitless ones.
41-44. Other matters. Rahu rules the outcaste,
while Ketu governs mixed caste. Śani and the nodes
indicate ant-hills. Rahu denotes multi-coloured
clothes and Ketu rags. Lead and blue gem belong to
Rahu and Ketu. Sūrya, Candr, Mangal, Budh, Guru,
Śukr and Śani in their order govern red silken,
white silken, red, black silken, saffron, silken and
multi-coloured robes.
45-46. Seasons of Grahas. Vasanta, Greeshma,
Varsh, Sarad, Hemanta and Sisir are the six Ritus
(or seasons), respectively, governed by Śukr, Mangal,
Candr, Budh, Guru and Śani. Rahu and Ketu denote 8
months and 3 months, respectively.
47. Dhatu, Mool and Jiva Divisions. Dhatu Grahas
are Rahu, Mangal, Śani and Candr, while Sūrya and
Śukr are Mula Grahas. Budh, Guru and Ketu rule Jivas.
48. Age. Out of all the Grahas Śani is the
eldest. He bestows maximum number of years in
Naisargik Dasha.
49-50. Exaltation and Debilitation. For the seven
Grahas, from Sūrya on, the exaltation Rashis are,
respectively, Mesh, Vrishabh, Makar, Kanya, Kark,
Meen and Tula. The deepest exaltation degrees are,
respectively, 10, 3, 28, 15, 5, 27 and 20 in those
Rashis. And in the seventh Rashi from the said
exaltation Rashi each Grah has its own debilitation.
The same degrees of deep exaltation apply to deep
fall.
51-54. Additional Dignities. In Simh the first 20
degrees are Sūrya’s Mooltrikon, while the rest is
his own Bhava. After the first 3 degrees of
exaltation portion in Vrishabh, for Candr, the rest
is her Mooltrikon. Mangal has the first 12 degrees
in Mesh, as Mooltrikon with the rest therein
becoming simply his own Bhava. For Budh, in Kanya
the first 15 degrees are exaltation zone, the next 5
degrees Mooltrikon and the last 10 degrees are own
Bhava. The first one third of Dhanu is the
Mooltrikon of Guru, while the remaining part thereof
is his own Bhava. Śukr divides Tula into two halves
keeping the first, as Mooltrikon and the second, as
own Bhava. Śani’s arrangements are same in Kumbh, as
Sūrya has in Simh.
55. Natural Relationships. Note the Rashis, which
are the 2nd, 4th, 5th,
8th, 9th and 12th
from the Mooltrikon of a Grah. The Grahas ruling
such Rashis are its friends, apart from the Lord of
its exaltation Rashi. Lords other than these are its
enemies. If a Grah becomes its friend as well, as
its enemy (on account of the said two computations),
then it is neutral, or equal.
56. Temporary Relationships. The Grah, posited in
the 2nd, 3rd, 4th,
10th, 11th, or the 12th
from another, becomes a mutual friend. There is
enmity otherwise. (This applies to a given Janm
Kundali)
57-58. Compound Relationship. Should two Grahas
be naturally and temporarily friendly, they become
extremely friendly. Friendship on one count and
neutrality on another count make them friendly.
Enmity on one count combined with affinity on the
other turns into equality. Enmity and neutralship
cause only enmity. Should there be enmity in both
manners, extreme enmity is obtained. The Jyotishi
should consider these and declare horoscopic effects
accordingly.
59-60. Ratio of Effects. A Grah in exaltation
gives fully good effects, while in Mooltrikon it is
bereft of its auspicious effects by one fourth. It
is half beneficial in its own Bhava. Its beneficence
is one fourth in a friendly Rashi. In an equal’s
Rashi one eighth of auspicious disposition is
useful. The good effects are nil in debilitation, or
enemy’s camp. Inauspicious effects are quite reverse
with reference to what is stated.
61-64. Non-luminous UpaGrahas (Sub-Grahas). Add 4
Rashis 13 degrees and 20 minutes of arc to Sūrya’s
longitude at a given moment to get the exact
position of the all inauspicious Dhoom. Reduce Dhoom
from 12 Rashis to arrive at Vyatipat. Vyatipat is
also inauspicious. Add six Rashis to Vyatipat to
know the position of Parivesh. He is extremely
inauspicious. Deduct Parivesh from 12 Rashis to
arrive at the position of Chap (Indra Dhanus), who
is also inauspicious. Add 16 degrees 40 minutes to
Chap, which will give Ketu (UpaKetu), who is a
malefic. By adding a Rashi to UpaKetu, you get the
original longitude of Sūrya. These are the Grahas,
devoid of splendour, which are malefics by nature
and cause affliction.
65. Effects of Sub-Grahas. If one of these
afflicts Sūrya, the native’s dynasty will decline,
while Candr and Lagn, respectively, associated with
one of these, will destroy the longevity and wisdom.
So declared Lord Brahma, the Lotus-Born.
66-69. Calculations of Gulik etc. The portions of
Sūrya etc. up to Śani denote the periods of Gulik
and others. Divide the day duration (of any week
day) into eight equal parts. The eighth portion is
Lord-less. The seven portions are distributed to the
seven Grahas commencing from the Lord of the week
day. Whichever portion is ruled by Śani, will be the
portion of Gulik. Similarly make the night duration
into eight equal parts and distribute these,
commencing from the Lord of the 5th (by)
week. Here again, the eighth portion is Lord-less,
while Śani’s portion is Gulik. Sūrya’s portion is
Kaal, Mangal’s portion is Mrityu, Guru’s portion is
Yamaghantak and Budh’s portion is Ardhaprahar. These
durations differently apply to different places
(commensurate with variable day and night
durations).
70. Gulik’s Position. The degree, ascending at
the time of start of Gulik’s portion (as above),
will be the longitude of Gulik at a given place.
Based on this longitude only, Gulik’s effects for a
particular nativity be estimated.
71-74. Calculation of Pranapad. Convert the given
time into Vighatis and divide the same by 15. The
resultant Rashi, degrees etc. be added to Sūrya, if
he is in a Movable Rashi, which will yield Pranapad.
If Sūrya is in a Fixed Rashi, add 240 degrees
additionally and, if in a Dual Rashi, add 120
degrees in furtherance to get Pranapad. The birth
will be auspicious, if Pranapad falls in the 2nd,
5th, 9th, 4th, 10th,
or 11th from the natal Lagn. In other
Bhavas Pranapad indicates an inauspicious birth.
Notes. Ardhaprahar, Yamaghantak, Mrityu, Kaal and
Gulik are the 5 Kaal Velas, suggested by Maharishi
Parashar. The day duration, according to altitude,
is divided into eight equal parts. The eighth
portion is unlorded. The first portion is allotted
to the weekday Lord. Other portions follow in the
order of weekday Lords. We consider 5 portions of
Grahas, ignoring that of Candr and Śukr. The
portions of Sūrya, Mangal, Budh, Guru and Śani are,
respectively, called Kaal, Mrityu, Ardhaprahar,
Yamaghantak and Gulik.
In the case of night the durations, or 1/8th
parts are allotted in a different order. The first
portion goes to the Grah, ruling the 5th
weekday Lord, counted from the day in question. The
others follow in the usual order. Here again, the 8th
part is Lord-less. The portions of Grahas from Kaal
to Gulik are the same in nomenclature in the night
also.
Keeranuru NataRaja of Jatakalankaram (Tamil
version) gives Rashis of dignities for these
UpaGrahas and Gulik etc. (UpaGrah & Gulik etc.:
Exaltation, Debilitation, Swakshetra (own Rashi))
Dhoom: Simh, Kumbh, Makar; Vyatipat: Vrischik,
Vrishabh, Mithun; Parivesh: Mithun, Dhanu, Dhanu;
Indrachap: Dhanu, Mithun, Kark; UpaKetu: Kumbh, Simh,
Kark; Gulik: -, -, Kumbh; Yamaghantak: -, -, Dhanu;
Ardhaprahar: -, -, Mithun; Kaal: -, -, Makar; Mrityu:
-, -, Vrischik.
From Sūrya to Śani no one is exalted in the
above-mentioned exaltation Rashis, nor debilitated
in the above-mentioned debilitation Rashis.
Out of the 5 Kaal Velas, viz. Gulik etc., four
except Kaal (related to Sūrya) have their own Rashi
system in the respective Rashis, ruled by their
fathers. Gulik, son of Śani, has Kumbh, as his own
Bhava. Guru’s son, Yamaghantak, has it in Dhanu.
Ardhaprahar, Budh’s son, is in own Rashi, if in
Mithun. Mrityu, son of Mangal, has Vrischik, as own
Bhava. It is not known, why Kaal, a son of Sūrya
shifted to Makar, a Rashi of his brother (Śani),
leaving his father’s Simh. Obviously, Śani has given
his Mooltrikon to his son Gulik, while he gave Makar
(a secondary Rashi) to his ‘brother’ Kaal.
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